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I am glad to share a sample chapter from my upcoming book, US Constitution 101, that will soon be published by Adams Media, an imprint of Simon and Schuster. Click here to read a sample chapter that addresses the protection of freedom of religion in the First Amendment.
Excerpted from US CONSTITUTION 101 by TOM RICHEY with PETER PACCONE. Copyright © 2024 by SIMON & SCHUSTER, LLC. Used by permission of the publisher. All rights reserved.
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Read more about Eugene V. Debs, the iconic American labor leader:I have been working on sample responses for the 2024 AP US History exam. Currently, I have produced a complete set of sample responses for the three LEQ prompts in Set 1. I will continue to update this post as I complete more sample responses. Sample LEQ Responses (2024 AP US History Exam - Set 1)Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product.
I have been working on sample responses for the 2024 AP European History exam. Currently, I have produced a complete set of sample responses for the three LEQ prompts in Set 1. I will continue to update this post as I complete more sample responses. Sample SAQ Responses (2024 AP European History Exam - Set 1)Click here to view sample responses to the SAQs from the 2024 AP European History exam {Set 1]. Sample LEQ Responses (2024 AP European History Exam - Set 1)Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product.
The College Board has released the FRQ prompts for the 2023 AP® US Government and Politics exam. Two sets of prompts have been released. You may click here to download Set 1 and click here to download Set 2. I have created a set of sample responses to both FRQ sets that will be helpful to students and teachers who are looking for answers for the 2023 exam questions. These answers reflect both my own experience teaching the course as well as valuable feedback from colleagues who examined the initial draft. You may click the links below to download the sample FRQ responses for both released versions of the 2023 AP® US Government and Politics exam. Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product.
The wave of nationalism that raced through Europe in the nineteenth century resulted in the unifications of Germany and Italy. During the ill-fated Revolutions of 1848, nationalists in Germany and Italy tried unsuccessfully to unify their nations on the basis of shared language and culture. In Germany, the Frankfurt Parliament failed to secure the support of the Prussian king, who refused the "pig crown" offered to him by the coalition of liberals and nationalists. In Italy, Mazzini and Garibaldi briefly took Rome and established a republic before being forced to surrender to French troops that were allied with the pope. The French intervention in 1848 to stop an attempted liberal-nationalist revolution was an example of Metternich's Concert System working exactly as it was designed to work.
The Crimean War (1853-1856) represented a turning point in the German and Italian Unification movements because it placed European powers on opposite sides of the battlefield for the first time since the Napoleonic Wars. France and Britain joined forces to stop Russia's incursions into Ottoman territory in Crimea. The Crimean War ended an era of cooperation between the Great Powers, while also showing the need for modernization of European armies to make better use of the technologies of the Second Industrial Revolution.
Meanwhile, Otto von Bismarck rose to prominence in Prussian politics. A member of the landed Junker nobility, Bismarck sought to unify Germany under Prussian dominance. In order to do this, Austria had to be defeated and left outside of a unified Germany. In 1815, Austria had been the dominant German state, but Prussia was ready to challenge Austria after a campaign of aggressive industrialization. Under Bismarck's leadership, Prussia modernized its military to incorporate modern technologies, such as telegraphs, railroads, and heavy artillery. In 1866, Prussia handily defeated Austria in the Seven Weeks' War, resulting in the formation of the North German Confederation. In 1870, Bismarck led a coalition of German allies against France in the Franco-Prussian War. After France was defeated, the victorious Germans met at Versailles to proclaim the German Empire.
My three-part lecture series on German Unification will be helpful to students who want to know more.
France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War paved the way for the final unification of Italy, as French troops were the only barrier stopping the newly-proclaimed Kingdom of Italy from conquering the Papal States. When war with Prussia began, France called its troops home from Italy to defend the homeland. In 1870, Italian military forces marched victoriously into Rome, completing the process of Italian Unification.
I've created a new handout that explains how each of the three estates of the Old Regime (clergy, nobility, and the "third") differed from one another during the Old Regime before the French Revolution. The handout also gives clarity regarding the different divisions of the Third Estate (bourgeoisie, sans-culottes, and peasantry) and how they differed from each other.
The 2022 AP US History Free-Response Questions have been released to the public! Click here to view the questions on the College Board's website. 2022 APUSH SAQ Sample ResponsesClick here to view my sample responses to the 2022 APUSH SAQ items. 2022 APUSH DBQ Sample Response(s)Click here to view my sample response(s) to the 2022 APUSH DBQ. This file will be updated to include several sample responses that would earn different point values. 2022 APUSH LEQ Sample ResponsesThis year's LEQ 2 asked students to assess the relative importance of causes for the settlement of the British colonies. Click here to see a set of sample responses I've put together for LEQ 2. Take a look at my analysis of the 2022 APUSH Free-Response Questions on Marco Learning's YouTube channel:The free-response section of the 2022 AP European History exam has been released. Click here to view the questions. Every year, people ask me for my take on the questions, so I am making an effort to put my teachable sample responses for the 2022 exam in one place where they can be easily accessed. I call these teachable sample responses because they are created not only to guide graders on what it might take to get a certain score, but I also create these samples so that they can be shown to students as examples of good writing. This post is under construction and I will be updating some of these files in the coming weeks. 2022 AP Euro SAQClick here to access my sample responses for the Short-Answer Question (SAQ) section of the 2022 AP European History exam. 2022 AP Euro DBQClick here to access my response to the 2022 AP European History DBQ on the English Civil War. I will be updating this file soon to include some samples other than the one I wrote in response so that teachers and students can see samples that would earn several scores. Check out my live take on the 2022 exam on Marco Learning's YouTube Channel: |
Tom RicheyI teach high school history and government in South Carolina. Archives
May 2025
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