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The Pax Romana
​(27 BC - 180 AD)

After existing for nearly 500 years as a Republic, popular government failed in ancient Rome and the Roman Empire began with the principate of Augustus. The Pax Romana lasted for nearly two centuries, from the ascension of Augustus in 27 BC until the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 AD. This was a critical period of history, as this was the time that the Roman Empire reached the peak of its power, many of the most famous works of Roman literature were published, and Christianity began its rise as a prominent Roman religion.

Unit Guide and Primary Sources

"I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble."
                                                                              -- Augustus

The Julio-Claudian Emperors

Taking the title of imperator, along with several other offices, Augustus Caesar reformed Rome from a republican government to an imperial government led by a military leader. He was succeeded by four emperors from the Julio-Claudian family. The reigns of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero form the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which lasted from 27 BC to AD 68.
A PowerPoint presentation on this topic will be added as soon as one is available that is acceptable for sharing online. My current slides are in sad shape and in much need to revision.

The Golden Age of Latin Literature

The Pax Romana began in the midst of the Golden Age of Latin literature, the first part of which included late republican writers like Cicero and Julius Caesar. The Augustan period of this Golden Age included the work of some of Rome's greatest writers: Livy, Virgil, Horace, and Ovid. While Augustus supported the work of Livy, Virgil, and Horace, Ovid wasn't so lucky, as the scandalous nature of his poetry conflicted with Augustus' goals of reforming Roman morality. Ovid spent his last years as an exile in Tomis, a faraway city on the Black Sea.

PowerPoint Presentation

The Rise of Christianity

The reign of Augustus coincided with the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, the founder of a sect of Judaism that soon became a vibrant religious movement with many Greek and Roman converts. This religious sect gained attention throughout the Roman Empire when Nero blamed the Christians for the Great Fire of 64 AD. From that point on, Christians were persecuted throughout the Pax Romana​, though some emperors persecuted with more vigor than others.

The PowerPoint presentation for this topic is in an unfinished state but it is provided here for reference.
Picture
Download PowerPoint

The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

Nerva's ascension as Roman emperor in 96 A.D. began a period of relative peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire that lasted nearly a century. His decision to adopt Trajan began a succession of "Five Good Emperors" or "Adoptive Emperors" because of the practice of adopting successors. The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent under Trajan, the last great Roman conqueror. Trajan's successor, Hadrian, turned the empire's attention inward, pulling back from some some of his predecessor's conquests and building a namesake wall in Britain. Marcus Aurelius, the last of the Five Good Emperors, was a capable administrator and respected Stoic philosopher, but he neglected to select a competent successor. His natural son, Commodus, succeeded him but failed to preserve the Pax Romana, which ended with the death of Marcus Aurelius.

PowerPoint Presentation

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  • Home
    • About
    • Calendar
    • Contact
    • Podcast
    • Live Hangouts with Tom Richey
    • Privacy Policy
    • Endorsements >
      • Romulus
      • Albert
  • Courses
    • AP US History >
      • APUSH Summer Assignments
      • to 1877 >
        • Colonial America
        • The American Revolution
        • The U.S. Constitution
        • Jefferson vs. Hamilton
        • The Jeffersonian Republic
        • The Age of Jackson
        • The Road to Civil War
        • Civil War & Reconstruction
      • Post 1877 >
        • The Gilded Age
        • Progressivism & Intervention >
          • World War I - AP US History
        • Twenties and Depression
        • WWII and the Cold War
        • Civil Rights & Vietnam
        • The Conservative Resurgence
      • The APUSH DBQ
      • The APUSH LEQ
      • APUSH SAQs
      • APUSH Multiple Choice
      • APUSH Review
      • Primary Source Collection
      • Calendar (US History)
      • Test Corrections
      • APUSH 8 Week Study Plan
    • AP European History >
      • AP Euro Ten Week Study Plan
      • Units of Instruction >
        • Renaissance & Exploration
        • Protestant Reformation & Religious Wars
        • Absolutism & Constitutionalism
        • Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
        • The French Revolution
        • Industry and Isms (1815-1850)
        • Late 19th Century
        • WWI and Modernism
        • Dictatorships and WWII
        • Cold War & Contemporary Europe
      • The AP Euro DBQ
      • The AP Euro LEQ
      • AP Euro SAQs
      • Summer Assignments
      • Primary Source Collection
      • Calendar (AP Euro)
      • Test Corrections
      • AP Euro MIdterm Review
    • AP U.S. Government & Politics >
      • Foundational Documents
      • Supreme Court Cases
      • AP Government Argument Essay
      • AP Government Review Videos
    • World History >
      • Prehistory & Human Origins
      • Cradles of Civilization >
        • Ancient Mesopotamia
        • Ancient Egypt
      • Ancient Israel >
        • Origins of Israel
        • Nation of Israel
      • Ancient Greece >
        • Ancient Greece (Part I)
        • Ayn Rand's Anthem
        • Warfare in Ancient Greece
        • Greek Philosophy
      • The Romans >
        • The Roman Republic
        • Rise of the Romans
        • The Pax Romana
        • Decline of the Roman Empire
      • Empires of Monotheism >
        • The Byzantine Empire
        • The Rise of Islam
      • Review Materials
      • Calendar (World History)
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    • Historical Writing
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